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The staggered conformation is more stable by 12.5 kJ/mol than the eclipsed conformation, which is the energy maximum for ethane. In the eclipsed conformation the torsional angle is minimised. staggered conformation left, eclipsed conformation right in Newman projection
This kind of conformation tends to experience both anti and gauche interactions. [5] Anti interactions refer to the molecules (usually of the same type) sitting exactly opposite of each other at 180° on the Newman projection. [5] Gauche interactions refer to molecules (also usually of the same type) being 60° from each other on a Newman ...
The gauche effect is very sensitive to solvent effects, due to the large difference in polarity between the two conformers.For example, 2,3-dinitro-2,3-dimethylbutane, which in the solid state exists only in the gauche conformation, prefers the gauche conformer in benzene solution by a ratio of 79:21, but in carbon tetrachloride, it prefers the anti conformer by a ratio of 58:42. [9]
Figure 3: Representation of a strictly anti-coplanar conformation. A, B, C, and D are in the same plane and the dihedral angle between A–B and C–D is 180°. Figure 4: Newman projection showing A and D anti-periplanar. Figure 5: Sawhorse projection of 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane showing Cl and H anti-periplanar.
Eclipsed conformation (image right in Newman projection) Staggered conformation. In chemistry an eclipsed conformation is a conformation in which two substituents X and Y on adjacent atoms A, B are in closest proximity, implying that the torsion angle X–A–B–Y is 0°. [1]
The chair conformation is the most stable conformer. At 298 K (25 °C), 99.99% of all molecules in a cyclohexane solution adopt this conformation.
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Staggered conformation image right in Newman projection Eclipsed conformation. In organic chemistry, a staggered conformation is a chemical conformation of an ethane-like moiety abcX–Ydef in which the substituents a, b, and c are at the maximum distance from d, e, and f; this requires the torsion angles to be 60°. [1]