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During that time the FAA invested $90 million in explosives detection and nearly $8.6 million in the specific technology. From 1995 to 1997, the CTX-5000 was tested to solve the challenges involved in integrating an explosives detection system into a baggage system and to validate the estimated costs of wide-scale deployment of the systems.
Rapiscan X-ray backscatter scanner Advanced Technology (AT) X-ray systems for baggage scanning. Rapiscan Systems is an American privately held company that specialises in walk-through metal detectors and X-ray machines for screening airport luggage and cargo. The company is owned by OSI Systems. [1]
X-ray radiography is similar to gamma-ray radiography but instead of using a radioactive source, it uses a high-energy bremsstrahlung spectrum with energy in the 5–10 MeV range [8] [9] created by a linear particle accelerator (LINAC). Such X-ray systems can penetrate up to 30–40 cm of steel in vehicles moving with velocities up to 13 km/h.
Millimeter wave scanners should not be confused with backscatter X-ray scanners, a completely different technology used for similar purposes at airports. X-rays are ionizing radiation , more energetic than millimeter waves by more than five orders of magnitude , and raise concerns about possible mutagenic potential.
An X-ray generator generally contains an X-ray tube to produce the X-rays. Possibly, radioisotopes can also be used to generate X-rays. [1]An X-ray tube is a simple vacuum tube that contains a cathode, which directs a stream of electrons into a vacuum, and an anode, which collects the electrons and is made of tungsten to evacuate the heat generated by the collision.
X-ray machines, CTX machines, high-resolution x-rays and ETDs are also used to scan checked bags. All checked baggage is always x-rayed at all major commercial airports. CATSA launched its Restricted Area Identity Card (RAIC) program in January 2007. RAIC is the world's first dual biometric access control system for airports. [31]
The first (ultra-low-dose backscatter X-ray) full body security scanner was developed by Dr. Steven W Smith, [5] [6] who developed the Secure 1000 whole body scanner in 1992.
X-ray detection is also used to detect related components such as detonators, but this can be foiled if such devices are hidden inside other electronic equipment. [ 10 ] Adding marker substances (X-ray opacifiers) to commercial explosives is also an option.
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