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  2. Bosch-Meiser process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch-Meiser_process

    Urea plant using ammonium carbamate briquettes, Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, ca. 1930 Carl Bosch, 1927. The Bosch–Meiser process is an industrial process, which was patented in 1922 [1] and named after its discoverers, the German chemists Carl Bosch and Wilhelm Meiser [2] for the large-scale manufacturing of urea, a valuable nitrogenous chemical.

  3. Nitrification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrification

    Nitrogen cycle. Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via the intermediary nitrite.Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil.The process of complete nitrification may occur through separate organisms [1] or entirely within one organism, as in comammox bacteria.

  4. Nitrogen and Non-Protein Nitrogen's effects on Agriculture

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_and_Non-Protein...

    Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate and urea, are commonly applied to crops to replenish soil nitrogen levels and enhance crop productivity [3] These fertilizers provide readily available nitrogen for plant uptake, thereby promoting vigorous vegetative growth and improving yields.

  5. Nitrogen cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_cycle

    Elevated nitrate in groundwater is a concern for drinking water use because nitrate can interfere with blood-oxygen levels in infants and cause methemoglobinemia or blue-baby syndrome. [28] Where groundwater recharges stream flow, nitrate-enriched groundwater can contribute to eutrophication , a process that leads to high algal population and ...

  6. History of the Haber process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Haber_process

    Nitrogen fertilizers and synthetic products, such as urea and ammonium nitrate, are mainstays of industrial agriculture, and are essential to the nourishment of at least two billion people. [10] [13] Industrial facilities using the Haber process and its analogues have a significant ecological impact. Half of the nitrogen in the great quantities ...

  7. Urea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea

    The structure of the molecule of urea is O=C(−NH 2) 2.The urea molecule is planar when in a solid crystal because of sp 2 hybridization of the N orbitals. [8] [9] It is non-planar with C 2 symmetry when in the gas phase [10] or in aqueous solution, [9] with C–N–H and H–N–H bond angles that are intermediate between the trigonal planar angle of 120° and the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°.

  8. Ammonia volatilization from urea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_volatilization...

    Since urea is not an oxidizer at standard temperature and pressure, it is safer to handle and less of a security risk than other common nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate. However, if urea is applied to the soil surface, a meaningful fraction of applied fertilizer nitrogen may be lost to the atmosphere as ammonia gas; this only ...

  9. Urea cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea_cycle

    The conversion from ammonia to urea happens in five main steps. The first is needed for ammonia to enter the cycle and the following four are all a part of the cycle itself. To enter the cycle, ammonia is converted to carbamoyl phosphate. The urea cycle consists of four enzymatic reactions: one mitochondrial and three cytosolic.