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A classification of SQL injection attacking vector as of 2010. In computing, SQL injection is a code injection technique used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker).
An SQL injection takes advantage of SQL syntax to inject malicious commands that can read or modify a database or compromise the meaning of the original query. [13] For example, consider a web page that has two text fields which allow users to enter a username and a password.
Magic quotes was a feature of the PHP scripting language, wherein strings are automatically escaped—special characters are prefixed with a backslash—before being passed on. It was introduced to help newcomers write functioning SQL commands without requiring manual escaping.
The consequence of this is that a different query plan is compiled and stored for each different length. In general, the maximum number of "duplicate" plans is the product of the lengths of the variable length columns as specified in the database. For this reason, it is important to use the standard Add method for variable length columns: command.
Use of untrusted data, as in data fields of an SQL query, should use prepared statements to prevent a code injection attack. In PHP 2 through 5.3, there was a feature called magic quotes which automatically escaped strings (for convenience and security), but due to problems was removed from version 5.4 onward.
Character scrambling or masking out of certain fields is also another simplistic yet very effective method of preventing sensitive information to be viewed. It is really an extension of the previous method of nulling out, but there is a greater emphasis on keeping the data real and not fully masked all together.
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The methods of injection can vary a great deal; in some cases, the attacker may not even need to directly interact with the web functionality itself to exploit such a hole. Any data received by the web application (via email, system logs, IM etc.) that can be controlled by an attacker could become an injection vector.