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The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or Norden; lit. ' the North ') [2] are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic.It includes the sovereign states of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway [a] and Sweden; the autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland; and the autonomous region of Åland.
Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. Scandinavia most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also refer to the Scandinavian Peninsula (which excludes Denmark but includes a part of northern Finland).
2 Finland. 3 Iceland. 4 Norway. 5 Sweden. 6 References. Toggle the table of contents. Subdivisions of the Nordic countries. 3 languages. Català ...
Finland, [a] officially the Republic of Finland, [b] [c] is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia.
Finland is a democratic, parliamentary republic with a central government and local governments in 309 (2021)/308 municipalities (as of 1 January 2025). Greater Helsinki (including Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen) totals a million residents and a third of the GDP. Other major cities include Tampere, Turku, and Oulu.
A large part of the area of current Finland was a wilderness in medieval times, where people from Satakunta, Tavastia and Karelia held hunting trips, and which was inhabited by the Sámi people, at least some of which spoke Sami. The wilderness was not part of any government area in practical terms.
Finland's defence minister said the country was not looking for the same kind of permanent multinational force as in, for example, the Baltic countries given the considerable size of its own forces.
The Scandinavian Peninsula occupies part of the Baltic Shield, a stable and large crust segment formed of very old, crystalline metamorphic rocks. Most of the soil covering this substrate was scraped by glaciers during the Ice Ages of antiquity, especially in northern Scandinavia, where the Baltic Shield is closest to the surface of the land.