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Kawaikini is a shield volcano on the Hawaiian Island of Kauai and in Kauai County and measures 5,243 feet (1,598 m) in elevation. [2] It is the summit of the island's inactive central shield volcano , Mount Waialeale. [ 3 ]
It consists of an eroded shield volcano with a 9.3–12.4 mi (15.0–20.0 km) diameter summit caldera and two flanking calderas. Rejuvenation of the volcano 0.6–1.40 million years ago left lava flows and cones over the eastern two-thirds of the island. [25] Kauaʻi's highest peak is Kawaikini, at 5,243 ft (1,598 m). [26]
The peak was formed by a volcano whose caldera eroded into what is now the Iao Valley. Puʻu Kukui receives an average of 386.5 inches (9,820 mm) of rain a year, [2] making it one of the wettest spots on Earth [3] and third wettest in the state after Big Bog on Maui and Mount Waiʻaleʻale on Kauai, [4] Rainwater unable to drain away flows into ...
The process is continuing to build islands; the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean continually moves northwest and the hotspot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes. Because of the hotspot's location, all active land volcanoes are on the southern half of Hawaiʻi Island.
Hualālai is the third most active volcano on the island of Hawaiʻi, behind Kīlauea and Mauna Loa. Although the two larger volcanos have each erupted over 150 times in the last 1,000 years, Hualālai has done so only thrice. Activity seems to recur at the volcano every 200 to 300 years. [12]
Mount Griggs, formerly known as Knife Peak Volcano, is a stratovolcano, which lies 10 km behind the volcanic arc defined by other Katmai group volcanoes. Although no historic eruptions have been reported from Mount Griggs, vigorously active fumaroles persist in a summit crater and along the upper southwest flank.
Mount Drum was active between 650,000 and 240,000 years ago. Late in that period, various separate dacitic domes were formed in a rough circle around the current summit at a radius about 4 miles (6 km); one such dome is the current Snider Peak (8,250 ft or 2,515 m) to the south of the main peak.
The volcano's activity is now known to predate scientific record keeping of its activity, which commenced in 1959. [21] Most earthquake swarms at Kamaʻehuakanaloa have lasted less than two days; the two exceptions are the 1990-1991 earthquake, lasting several months, and the 1996 event, which was shorter but much more pronounced.