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The standard orientation, where the xy-plane is horizontal and the z-axis points up (and the x- and the y-axis form a positively oriented two-dimensional coordinate system in the xy-plane if observed from above the xy-plane) is called right-handed or positive. 3D Cartesian coordinate handedness. The name derives from the right-hand rule.
When viewed at a position along the positive z-axis, the ¼ turn from the positive x-to the positive y-axis is counter-clockwise. For left-handed coordinates, the above description of the axes is the same, except using the left hand; and the ¼ turn is clockwise. Interchanging the labels of any two axes reverses the handedness.
In common usage, the abscissa refers to the x coordinate and the ordinate refers to the y coordinate of a standard two-dimensional graph. [1] [2]The distance of a point from the y axis, scaled with the x axis, is called the abscissa or x coordinate of the point.
Selecting reference points. In two dimensions, given an ordered set of three or more connected vertices (points) (such as in connect-the-dots) which forms a simple polygon, the orientation of the resulting polygon is directly related to the sign of the angle at any vertex of the convex hull of the polygon, for example, of the angle ABC in the picture.
A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. [1] In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly.
A point in the plane may be represented in homogeneous coordinates by a triple (x, y, z) where x/z and y/z are the Cartesian coordinates of the point. [10] This introduces an "extra" coordinate since only two are needed to specify a point on the plane, but this system is useful in that it represents any point on the projective plane without the ...
A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. [1] In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly.
One can start off by designating the vertical direction, usually labelled the Y direction. [14] The horizontal direction, usually labelled the X direction, [15] is then automatically determined. Or, one can do it the other way around, i.e., nominate the x-axis, in which case the y-axis is then automatically determined. There is no special ...