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The Pacific is ringed by many volcanoes and oceanic trenches. The Pacific Ocean evolved in the Mesozoic from the Panthalassic Ocean, which had formed when Rodinia rifted apart around 750 Ma. The first ocean floor which is part of the current Pacific plate began 160 Ma to the west of the central Pacific and subsequently developed into the ...
Map of the Chile Rise and its fracture zones in Nazca and the Antarctic plates Active Pacific Ocean fracture zones are perpendicular to the mid-ocean ridges (black lines) in orange shaded region. Since the map was prepared ages not shown of south-west Pacific and north Pacific Ocean floors may have been characterised.
The magnitude of a megathrust earthquake is proportional to length of the rupture along the fault. The Cascadia subduction zone, which forms the boundary between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates, is a very long sloping fault that stretches from mid-Vancouver Island to Northern California. [18]
The Pacific Ring of Fire runs parallel to the line and is the world's foremost belt of explosive volcanism. The term andesite line predates the geologic understanding of plate tectonics . The term was first used in 1912 by New Zealand geologist Patrick Marshall to describe the distinct structural and volcanologic boundary extending from east of ...
In 1912, geologist Patrick Marshall introduced the term "Andesite Line" to mark a boundary between islands in the southwest Pacific, which differ in volcano structure and lava types. The concept was later extended to other parts of the Pacific Ocean. [20] The Andesite Line and the Ring of Fire closely match in terms of location. [21]
Macquarie Fault Zone >400: South Pacific Ocean: Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults: Active: 1989 Maquarie Isl. (8.2), 2008 Macquarie Island earthquake (M7.1) Mae Chan Fault: 120: Thailand and Laos: Sinstral: Active: 2007 Laos (M6.3) Magallanes–Fagnano Fault: South America: Transform: Main Boundary Thrust: 2000: Himalaya: Thrust: Active ...
The Macquarie fault zone extends south of New Zealand on the South Pacific Ocean's seafloor except where it surfaces as Macquarie Island. Some of it is on Tasman Sea sea floor, north of the line between the south of the Auckland Islands and Tasmania. To its west on the sea floor is the South East Tasman Basin and to its east the Solander Trough ...
The western side is a divergent boundary with the Pacific plate, forming the East Pacific Rise. The northern side is a divergent boundary with the Cocos plate , the Cocos–Nazca spreading centre . The subduction of the Nazca plate under southern Chile has a history of producing massive earthquakes , including the largest ever recorded on earth ...