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Chicago faced various epidemics beyond waterborne diseases. Smallpox, diphtheria, and whooping cough were significant threats in the 1830s to 1890s. [7] The city was hard hit by the worldwide 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, with about 20,000 deaths. [8] COVID-19 closed down schools and offices and most gathering places in 2020-2021. About 7,400 ...
The third plague pandemic was a major bubonic plague pandemic that began in Yunnan, China in 1855. [50] This episode of bubonic plague spread to all inhabited continents in the 1890s and first years of the 1900s, and ultimately led to more than 12,000,000 deaths in India and China, with about 10,000,000 killed in India alone.
Epidemics and pandemics with at least 1 million deaths Rank Epidemics/pandemics Disease Death toll Percentage of population lost Years Location 1 1918 Flu: Influenza A/H1N1: 17–100 million 1–5.4% of global population [4] 1918–1920 Worldwide 2 Plague of Justinian: Bubonic plague 15–100 million 25–60% of European population [5] 541–549
The history of public health in the United states studies the US history of public health roles of the medical and nursing professions; scientific research; municipal sanitation; the agencies of local, state and federal governments; and private philanthropy. It looks at pandemics and epidemics and relevant responses with special attention to ...
1924–1925 Minnesota smallpox epidemic; 1947 New York City smallpox outbreak; 1962-1965 rubella epidemic [2] 1976 Philadelphia Legionnaires' disease outbreak; 1976 swine flu outbreak; 1987 Carroll County cryptosporidiosis outbreak; 1990–1991 Philadelphia measles outbreak; 1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak; 1992–1993 Jack in the Box E ...
Smallpox and its eradication. World Health Organization. hdl: 10665/39485. ISBN 978-92-4-156110-5. online; Hopkins, Donald R. The Greatest Killer: Smallpox in History (U of Chicago Press, 2002) Patterson, Kristine B. and Thomas Runge, "Smallpox and the native American." American journal of the medical sciences 323.4 (2002): 216–22. online
Most estimates coalesce around a fatality rate of about 10% (7.5 million people) of the total population of the empire with death rates of up to 15% in the cities and the army. If the pandemic was indeed smallpox, the number who died would have probably been about 25% of those infected as the survival rate from smallpox is often around 75%. [30 ...
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. [7] [11] The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, [10] making smallpox the only human disease to have been eradicated to date.