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  2. Granular base equivalency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_base_equivalency

    Here is an example of GBE calculation adopted from Piryonesi (2019). [1] This example belongs to a road in the LTPP database. This road is made of the following layers: subbase, base, and three layers of hot mixed asphalt concrete. Their thicknesses are given in millimeters in the following table. The total GBE for this road 805.7 millimeters.

  3. Marshall Stability Method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Stability_Method

    The Marshall Stability Method is used in pavement design to determine the Optimum Binder Content (OBC) in asphalt concrete. [1] [2] [3] References

  4. Voids in mineral aggregate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voids_in_mineral_aggregate

    Voids in Mineral Aggregate or VMA is the intergranular space occupied by asphalt and air in a compacted asphalt mixture. In a component diagram, it is the sum of the volume of air and the volume of effective asphalt. The volume of absorbed asphalt is not considered to be a part of VMA because it is part of the pore structure of the mineral ...

  5. Asphalt concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_concrete

    Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]

  6. Shell pavement design method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_pavement_design_method

    The Shell pavement design method was used in many countries for the design of new pavements made of asphalt. [1] First published in 1963, [2] it was the first mechanistic design method, providing a procedure that was no longer based on codification of historic experience but instead that permitted computation of strain levels at key positions in the pavement.

  7. Stone mastic asphalt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_mastic_asphalt

    Austroads (2002) Asphalt Guide AP−G666/02; Austroads (2003) Selection and Design of Asphalt Mixes: Australian Provisional Guide. APRG Report 18. ARRB Transport Research; Austroads (2003) Guide to the selection of road surfacings, AP−G63/03; National Asphalt Pavement Association (1999) Designing and Constructing SMA Mixtures — State-of-the ...

  8. Subbase (pavement) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subbase_(pavement)

    Layers in the construction of a mortarless pavement: A.) Subgrade B.) Subbase C.) Base course D.) Paver base E.) Pavers F.) Fine-grained sand In highway engineering, subbase is the layer of aggregate material laid on the subgrade, on which the base course layer is located.

  9. Permeable paving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeable_paving

    Permeable pavement surfaces may be composed of; pervious concrete, porous asphalt, paving stones, or interlocking pavers. [1] Unlike traditional impervious paving materials such as concrete and asphalt, permeable paving systems allow stormwater to percolate and infiltrate through the pavement and into the aggregate layers and/or soil below. In ...