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  2. Public policy doctrine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_policy_doctrine

    Underpinning most social, moral and religious systems is the policy of sanctity of life (also culture of life). In English criminal law, for example, duress is not allowed as a defence to murder because no threat is supposed to overcome a person's moral aversion to taking the life of another. Lord Jauncy in R v Gotts [1992] [1] 2 AC 412 stated:

  3. Ordered liberty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_liberty

    Ordered liberty is a concept in political philosophy, where individual freedom is balanced with the necessity for maintaining social order. The phrase "ordered liberty" originates from an opinion by Justice Benjamin Cardozo in Palko v.

  4. Public policy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_policy

    Public policy is an institutionalized proposal or a decided set of elements like laws, regulations, guidelines, and actions [1] [2] to solve or address relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception [3] and often implemented by programs.

  5. Obstruction of justice in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice_in...

    Obstruction has been categorized by various sources as a process crime, [3] a public-order crime, [4] [5] or a white-collar crime. [6] Obstruction can include crimes committed by judges, prosecutors, attorneys general, and elected officials in general.

  6. Policy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy

    Policy is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by a governance body within an organizatio

  7. Public policy of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_policy_of_the...

    The primary method of developing public policy is through the legislative process outlined in Article One of the United States Constitution. Members of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives propose and vote on bills that describe changes to the law of the United States. These bills may be created on the ...

  8. Public administration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_administration

    Public administration is both an academic discipline and a field of practice; the latter is depicted in this picture of U.S. federal public servants at a meeting.. Public administration, or public policy and administration refers to "the management of public programs", [1] or the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day", [2] and also to the academic discipline ...

  9. Local ordinance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_ordinance

    In Japan, ordinances (条例, jōrei) may be passed by any prefecture or municipality under authority granted by Article 94 of the Constitution.. There must generally be a statutory basis for an ordinance, the ordinance must be in compliance with any overlapping statutes (although it may impose a stricter standard or penalty), and the ordinance must be related to the affairs of the local ...