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The issue-based information system (IBIS) is an argumentation-based approach to clarifying wicked problems—complex, ill-defined problems that involve multiple stakeholders. [1] Diagrammatic visualization using IBIS notation is often called issue mapping. [2]: ix IBIS was invented by Werner Kunz and Horst Rittel in the 1960s. According to Kunz ...
South African environmental law describes the legal rules in South Africa relating to the social, economic, philosophical and jurisprudential issues raised by attempts to protect and conserve the environment in South Africa. South African environmental law encompasses natural resource conservation and utilization, as well as land-use planning ...
The South African Police Service (SAPS) implemented a biometric system in 2001 to secure the Integrated Justice System (IJS). [7] Finger- and palm prints of convicted criminals have been captured in their Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) [ 8 ] – this database is used for Identity Management (IDM) and is used to monitor ...
South African administrative law is the branch of public law which regulates the legal relations of public authorities, whether with private individuals and organisations or with other public authorities, [1] or better say, in present-day South Africa, which regulates "the activities of bodies that exercise public powers or perform public functions, irrespective of whether those bodies are ...
Corruption in South Africa includes the improper use of public resources for private ends, including bribery and improper favouritism. [1] Corruption was at its highest during the period of state capture under the presidency of Jacob Zuma and has remained widespread, negatively "affecting criminal justice, service provision, economic opportunity, social cohesion and political integrity" in ...
The South African National Accreditation System (SANAS) is the official laboratory accreditation body for South Africa. Founded in 1996, SANAS is headquartered in Pretoria, South Africa . SANAS accreditation certificates are a formal recognition by the Government of South Africa that an organisation is competent to perform specific tasks.
The Public Finance Management Act, 1999 (PFMA; Act No. 1 of 1999) is the primary public finance management law in South Africa. It delineates standards for expenditure, accounting, and reporting for public entities. Its scope is generally limited to entities of national and provincial governments.
In South Africa, the main driver for wastewater reuse is drought conditions. [18] For example, in Beaufort West, South Africa's a direct wastewater reclamation plant (WRP) for the production of drinking water was constructed in the end of 2010, as a result of acute water scarcity (production of 2,300 m 3 per day).