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  2. Reasonable doubt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_doubt

    Beyond (a) reasonable doubt is a legal standard of proof required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems. [1] It is a higher standard of proof than the standard of balance of probabilities (US English: preponderance of the evidence) commonly used in civil cases because the stakes are much higher in a criminal case: a person found guilty can be deprived of liberty ...

  3. Burden of proof (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(law)

    Proof beyond a reasonable doubt, therefore, is proof of such a convincing character that one would be willing to rely and act upon it without hesitation in the most important of one's own affairs. However, it does not mean an absolute certainty.

  4. Presumption of innocence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presumption_of_innocence

    If the prosecution does not prove the charges true, then the person is acquitted of the charges. The prosecution must in most cases prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If reasonable doubt remains, the accused must be acquitted. The opposite system is a presumption of guilt.

  5. Evidential burden - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidential_burden

    In the criminal law context, if an issue is properly raised, it is for the prosecutor to prove, beyond reasonable doubt, that that issue does not avail the defendant. [3]" In the United States, however, both the burden of production and the burden of persuasion are referred to as "burdens of proof." [4]

  6. Element (criminal law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_(criminal_law)

    In most common law jurisdictions, an element of a crime is one of a set of facts that must all be proven to convict a defendant of a crime. Before a court finds a defendant guilty of a criminal offense, the prosecution must present evidence that, even when opposed by any evidence the defense may choose, is credible and sufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed ...

  7. US Supreme Court will hear clash over religious exemptions ...

    www.aol.com/news/us-supreme-court-hear-clash...

    They also argued that the state court erred by imposing too high a legal bar - proof beyond a reasonable doubt - for proving First Amendment claims. (Reporting by John Kruzel) Show comments

  8. Affirmative defense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_defense

    In this respect, affirmative defenses differ from ordinary defenses [claim of right, alibi, infancy, necessity, and self-defense (which is an affirmative defense at common law)], which the prosecution has the burden of disproving beyond a reasonable doubt.

  9. In re Winship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_re_Winship

    In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358 (1970), was a United States Supreme Court decision that held that "the Due Process Clause protects the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime charged." [1]: 17 It established this burden in all cases in all states (constitutional case).