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The Center for Open Science is a non-profit technology organization based in Charlottesville, Virginia with a mission to "increase the openness, integrity, and reproducibility of scientific research." [1] Brian Nosek and Jeffrey Spies founded the organization in January 2013, funded mainly by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation and others. [2]
The John D. Dingell Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act of 2019 is an omnibus lands act that protected public lands and modified management provisions. The bill designated more than 1,300,000 acres (5,300 km 2) of wilderness area, expanded several national parks and other areas of the National Park System, and established four new national monuments while redesignating others.
Open science is the movement to make scientific research (including publications, data, physical samples, and software) and its dissemination accessible to all levels of society, amateur or professional. [2] [3] Open science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks. [4]
The total area protected by national parks is approximately 52.4 million acres (212,000 km 2), for an average of 833 thousand acres (3,370 km 2) but a median of only 220 thousand acres (890 km 2). [8] The national parks set a visitation record in 2021, with more than 92 million visitors. [9]
A 2015 study of 100 psychology papers conducted by Open Science Collaboration has been confronted with the "lack of a single accepted definition" which "opened the door to controversy about their methodological approach and conclusions" and made it necessary to fall back on "subjective assessments" of result reproducibility.
Besides being open science oriented, the envisaged infrastructure is built by aggregating services provided by several providers following a System of systems approach. The initiative started in 2015 with the plan that its organizers finish it by 2020. [1] A European Union committee on research endorsed a plan for the cloud's development in May ...
Open Science Monitor are a scientific infrastructure that provide a "good knowledge of the state" of scientific outputs and their "open access rate". [1] They are also a policy tool that aims to better assess the discrepancy between actual practices and long-term objectives: they "can inform future strategies at institutional and national levels, provides guidance for policy development and ...
The use of the term "infrastructure" is an explicit reference to the physical infrastructures and networks such as power grids, road networks or telecommunications that made it possible to run complex economic and social system after the industrial revolution: "The term infrastructure has been used since the 1920s to refer collectively to the roads, power grids, telephone systems, bridges ...