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The standard orientation, where the xy-plane is horizontal and the z-axis points up (and the x- and the y-axis form a positively oriented two-dimensional coordinate system in the xy-plane if observed from above the xy-plane) is called right-handed or positive. 3D Cartesian coordinate handedness. The name derives from the right-hand rule.
A point in the plane may be represented in homogeneous coordinates by a triple (x, y, z) where x/z and y/z are the Cartesian coordinates of the point. [10] This introduces an "extra" coordinate since only two are needed to specify a point on the plane, but this system is useful in that it represents any point on the projective plane without the ...
In common usage, the abscissa refers to the x coordinate and the ordinate refers to the y coordinate of a standard two-dimensional graph. [1] [2]The distance of a point from the y axis, scaled with the x axis, is called the abscissa or x coordinate of the point.
A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. [1] In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly.
An undirected graph with three vertices and three edges. In one restricted but very common sense of the term, [1] [2] a graph is an ordered pair = (,) comprising: , a set of vertices (also called nodes or points);
The x intercepts are found by setting y equal to 0 in the equation of the curve and solving for x. Similarly, the y intercepts are found by setting x equal to 0 in the equation of the curve and solving for y. Determine the symmetry of the curve. If the exponent of x is always even in the equation of the curve then the y-axis is an axis of ...
An ordered pair of vertices, such as an edge in a directed graph. An arrow (x, y) has a tail x, a head y, and a direction from x to y; y is said to be the direct successor to x and x the direct predecessor to y. The arrow (y, x) is the inverted arrow of the arrow (x, y). articulation point A vertex in a connected graph whose removal would ...
The lexicographic product of graphs. In graph theory, the lexicographic product or (graph) composition G ∙ H of graphs G and H is a graph such that the vertex set of G ∙ H is the cartesian product V(G) × V(H); and; any two vertices (u,v) and (x,y) are adjacent in G ∙ H if and only if either u is adjacent to x in G or u = x and v is ...