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Further lung damage occurs when the immune system responds to the infection. White blood cells, particularly lymphocytes, activate chemicals known as cytokines which cause fluid to leak into the alveoli. The combination of cell destruction and fluid-filled alveoli interrupts the transportation of oxygen into the bloodstream.
Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of solid or liquid material such as pharyngeal secretions, food, drink, or stomach contents from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract, into the trachea and lungs. [1] When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as "going down the ...
M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. chimaera are each saprotrophic organisms present in soil and water; entry into hosts is usually via the gastrointestinal tract, but also can be via the lungs. MAC infections can cause fevers, diarrhea, malabsorption, as well as loss of appetite and weight loss, and can disseminate to the bone marrow. MAI is ...
Radiation, used to treat cancer, can cause pneumonitis when applied to the chest or full body. [16] Radiation pneumonitis occurs in approximately 30% of advanced lung cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. [16] Aspiration pneumonitis is caused by a chemical inhalation of harmful gastric contents which include causes such as:
Aspiration pneumonia is a type of lung infection that is due to a relatively large amount of material from the stomach or mouth entering the lungs. [1] Signs and symptoms often include fever and cough of relatively rapid onset. [ 1 ]
This compresses the lungs and exerts pressure on the object lodged in the trachea in an effort to expel it. Most modern protocols, including those of the American Heart Association , American Red Cross , and European Resuscitation Council , recommend that treatment of airway obstructions be performed in several stages designed to apply ...
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and formation of cavities (more than 2 cm) [1] containing necrotic debris or fluid caused by microbial infection. This pus -filled cavity is often caused by aspiration, which may occur during anesthesia, sedation, or unconsciousness from injury.
The following tests help determine how severely the lungs are affected: Blood gases (measurement of how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are in your blood) CT scan of chest; Lung function studies (tests to measure breathing and how well the lungs are functioning) X-ray of the chest; Swallowing studies to check if stomach acid is the cause of ...