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In doing so, Cromwell found a way to enrich the Crown’s struggling treasury. This action would also continue to limit the clergy’s authority. [14] In reality, the corruption of the clergy was most likely not as severe as Cromwell purported, and most laity seemed satisfied that their spiritual and pastoral needs were being met. [15]
Thomas Cromwell (/ ˈ k r ɒ m w əl,-w ɛ l /; [1] [a] c. 1485 – 28 July 1540), briefly Earl of Essex, was an English statesman and lawyer who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII from 1534 to 1540, when he was beheaded on orders of the king, who later blamed false charges for the execution.
It is considered by many historians to be the key legal foundation of the English Reformation. The Act, drafted by Thomas Cromwell on behalf of King Henry VIII of England , forbade all appeals to the Pope in Rome on religious or other matters, making the King the final legal authority in all such matters in England , Wales , and other English ...
The Puritan movement in Elizabethan England was strengthened by the fact that many of Queen Elizabeth's top political advisers and court officials had close ties with Puritan leaders and were partial to Puritan views of theology, politics, and the reformation of the English church and society.
Second Act of Dissolution; Henry VIII intervenes to halt the doctrinal reformation 1540, 6 January Henry marries Anne of Cleves: 1540, 9 July Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves is annulled 1540, 28 July Thomas Cromwell is beheaded 1540, 30 July Robert Barnes is burned at the stake 1540, 30 July Thomas Abel is hanged, drawn and quartered. 1543
The Cromwell regime collapsed and Charles II had very wide support for his taking of the throne in 1660. His brother James II was overthrown in 1689 in the Glorious Revolution. He was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary II and her Dutch husband William III. Mary's sister Anne was the last of the line.
After the English Reformation, the chancellor's power shifted to the Lord High Treasurer. [3] After 1721, the office of prime minister became the head of British governments. This list of chief ministers is organised by royal dynasty. For a list of particular governments of the Kingdom of England, see List of English ministries.
George Bernard was born in London and educated at Reading School, before moving to Oxford to take degrees at St. Catherine's College.He was awarded his DPhil in 1978 with a thesis entitled "The Fourth and Fifth Earls of Shrewsbury: A Study in the Power of Early Tudor Nobility", which he later revised into monograph form. [3]