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For each transaction T x participating in schedule S, create a node labeled T i in the precedence graph. Thus the precedence graph contains T 1, T 2, T 3. For each case in S where T j executes a read_item(X) after T i executes a write_item(X), create an edge (T i → T j) in the precedence graph. This occurs nowhere in the above example, as ...
Instead, it converts a LINQ query to a SQL query that is then sent to SQL Server for processing. [12] However, since SQL Server stores the data as relational data and LINQ works with data encapsulated in objects, the two representations must be mapped to one another. For this reason, LINQ to SQL also defines a mapping framework.
Notice that the above example (which is the same as the example in the discussion of conflict-serializable) is both view-serializable and conflict-serializable at the same time. There are however view-serializable schedules that are not conflict-serializable: those schedules with a transaction performing a blind write:
This allows applications to access the data in the XML from the object, rather than using the DOM or SAX to retrieve the data from a direct representation of the XML itself. It makes it possible to read and write XML data using a programming language class library (e.g. C++, C#, Java), specifically created for a given XML data format. [1]
^ PHP will unserialize any floating-point number correctly, but will serialize them to their full decimal expansion. For example, 3.14 will be serialized to 3.140 000 000 000 000 124 344 978 758 017 532 527 446 746 826 171 875. ^ XML data bindings and SOAP serialization tools provide type-safe XML serialization of programming data structures ...
In databases and transaction processing, two-phase locking (2PL) is a pessimistic concurrency control method that guarantees conflict-serializability. [1] [2] It is also the name of the resulting set of database transaction schedules (histories).
Entity Framework (EF) is an open source [2] object–relational mapping (ORM) framework for ADO.NET.It was originally shipped as an integral part of .NET Framework, however starting with Entity Framework version 6.0 it has been delivered separately from the .NET Framework.
In the field of programming a data transfer object (DTO [1] [2]) is an object that carries data between processes. The motivation for its use is that communication between processes is usually done resorting to remote interfaces (e.g., web services), where each call is an expensive operation. [ 2 ]