Ads
related to: neuromyelitis optica prognosis
Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a particular disease within the NMOSD spectrum. It is characterised by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis. In more than 80% of NMO cases, the cause is immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 , the most abundant water channel protein in the central nervous system. [5] [1] [4]
Diagnosis requires exclusion of other neurological, ophthalmological, and systemic conditions. [3] Any cause of optic neuropathy should be ruled out, including demyelinating (MOG antibody disease, multiple sclerosis, and neuromyelitis optica) and systemic disease (diabetic, toxic, nutritional, and infectious causes). [3]
In neuromyelitis optica higher AQP4 autoantibody levels are associated with the occurrence of optic neuritis. [16] Less common causes are: papilledema, brain tumor or abscess in the occipital region, cerebral trauma or hemorrhage, meningitis, arachnoidal adhesions, sinus thrombosis, liver dysfunction, or late stage kidney disease.
AQP4-Ab-negative NMO presents problems for diagnosis. The behavior of the oligoclonal bands respect MS [clarification needed] can help to establish a more accurate diagnosis. Oligoclonal bands in NMO are rare and they tend to disappear after the attacks, while in MS they are nearly always present and persistent. [13]
MOG antibody disease (MOGAD) was first described in the early 2000s as a subset of cases of neuromyelitis optica with antibodies to myelin oligocyte glycoprotein (MOG). [24] Banwell and colleagues worked to characterize pediatric MOGAD to determine methods of diagnosis, [25] treatment options, [26] and prognosis. [27]
The current diagnosis criteria for MS do not allow doctors to give an MS diagnosis until a second attack takes place. Therefore, the concept of "clinical MS", for an MS that can be diagnosed, has been developed. Until MS diagnosis has been established, nobody can tell whether the disease one is dealing with is MS. [citation needed]
Ads
related to: neuromyelitis optica prognosis