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The exception is in cases when the tank must be entered. [22] Safely gas-freeing a tank is accomplished by purging hydrocarbon vapors with inert gas until the hydrocarbon concentration inside the tank is under about 1%. [22] Thus, as air replaces the inert gas, the concentration cannot rise to the lower flammable limit and is safe. [22]
Standard fuel bladder tanks sizes range from 100-US-gallon (380 L) to 200,000-US-gallon (760,000 L) capacities and larger. Custom fuel storage bladders and cells are available, although at sizes exceeding 50,000 US gallons (190,000 L) there is an increased spill risk.
A small amount of fuel in the tank leaves pumps on the floor of the tank exposed to the air-fuel mixture, and an electric pump is a potential ignition source. The explosion of a Thai Airways International Boeing 737 in 2001 and a Philippine Airlines 737 in 1990 also occurred in tanks that had a small amount of residual fuel.
The term cylinder in this context is sometimes confused with tank, the latter being an open-top or vented container that stores liquids under gravity, though the term scuba tank is commonly used to refer to a compressed gas cylinder used for breathing gas supply to an underwater breathing apparatus.
Petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington, United States. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.
President-elect Donald Trump campaigned on the promise to create more American jobs and protect existing ones. But many of his proposals and expected policy changes threaten to have the opposite ...
Petrol engines often use simple fuel systems consisting of a float-type carburetor with a fuel tank located above it (so that the fuel is delivered by gravity, avoiding the need for a fuel pump). Sometimes, the fuel tank is located below the carburetor and fuel is delivered using engine vacuum or crankcase pressure pulsations. Diesel engines ...
The automatic shut off nozzle shuts off when pressure in the fuel system reaches 9 psi (62 kPa) or greater. Due to the pressure introduced into the fuel tank, most tanks require additional structure to prevent bursting or damaged weld joints. This bursting is both a safety and environmental hazard.