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Each COBOL program is made up of four basic lexical items: words, literals, picture character-strings (see § PICTURE clause) and separators. Words include reserved words and user-defined identifiers. They are up to 31 characters long and may include letters, digits, hyphens and underscores.
At the height of COBOL usage in the 1960s through 1980s, the IBM COBOL product was the most important of any industry COBOL compilers. In his popular textbook A Simplified Guide to Structured COBOL Programming , Daniel D. McCracken tries to make the treatment general for any machine and compiler, but when he gives details for a particular one ...
A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...
^h COBOL allows the specification of a required precision and will automatically select an available type capable of representing the specified precision. " PIC S9999 ", for example, would require a signed variable of four decimal digits precision.
discrete event simulation, multi-threaded (quasi-parallel) program execution Yes 1968 Small Basic: Application, education, games Yes No No No No No Component-oriented: No Smalltalk: Application, general, business, artificial intelligence, education, web Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Concurrent, declarative Yes 1998, ANSI SNOBOL: Text processing No No ...
BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) [1] is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. The original version was created by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College in 1963.
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Here is an example computer program, in Basic, ... The US Department of Defense influenced COBOL's development, with Grace Hopper being a major contributor. The ...