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Pulsed DC (PDC) or pulsating direct current is a periodic current which changes in value but never changes direction. Some authors use the term pulsed DC to describe a signal consisting of one or more rectangular ("flat-topped"), rather than sinusoidal, pulses. [1] Pulsed DC is commonly produced from AC (alternating current) by a half-wave ...
In the electrical schematic shown, a typical light dimmer based on a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) dims the light through phase-angle control. This unit is wired in series with the load. Diodes (D2, D3, D4 and D5) form a bridge, which generates pulsed DC. R1 and C1 form a circuit with a time constant.
An insulation monitoring device monitors the ungrounded system between an active phase conductor and earth.It is intended to give an alert (light and sound) or disconnect the power supply when the resistance between the two conductors drops below a set value, usually 50 kΩ (sample of IEC standard for medical applications).
Consequently, ranges from around 1.7 to 2.0 volts for red LEDs to around 2.8 to 4.0 volts for violet LEDs. V s w i t c h {\displaystyle V_{switch}} is the voltage drop across the switch in volts: (A) for no switch, use 0 volts, (B) for mechanical switch, use 0 volts, (C) for BJT transistor , use V C E ( s a t ) {\displaystyle V_{CE(sat ...
The difference from the traditional Rogowski coil is that the sensor can be manufactured using a planar coil rather than a toroidal coil. In order to reject the influence of conductors outside the sensor's measurement region, these planar Rogowski current sensors use a concentric coil geometry instead of a toroidal geometry to limit the ...
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), [1] is any method of representing a signal as a rectangular wave with a varying duty cycle (and for some methods also a varying period). PWM is useful for controlling the average power or amplitude delivered by an electrical signal.
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The resistor and capacitor form a 1st-order low pass filter, which attenuates higher frequencies at a rate of -6 dB per octave above its cutoff frequency of . The filter's RC time constant ( τ = R C ) {\displaystyle (\tau {=}RC)} must be small enough to track quickly-falling envelope slopes and "top up" the envelope's voltage every peak to ...
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