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The forerunner of the dumbbell, halteres, were used in ancient Greece as lifting weights [1] [2] and also as weights for the ancient Greek version of the long jump. [3] A kind of dumbbell was also used in India for more than a millennium, shaped like a club – so it was named Indian club.
Long jumps from standing with specially shaped jumping weights, called halteres, held in the hands. For a jump from standing, one foot is positioned forward and one foot back. The weights are swung up and down until the jumper jumps in conjunction with an upswing. The long jump could also be performed without weights, and with a running start. [8]
Gyms were born from bell-ringing clubs with dumbbells invented for those that could not make it to the church towers. Colourfast dyes were created in Britain's first chemical works at Ravenscar when supplies of the mordant alum were cut off. The three-piece suit and necktie were created by Charles II as a political weapon in his war against France.
Gymnastics is one of the most dangerous sports, with a very high injury rate seen in girls age 11 to 18. [52] Some gymnastic movements which were allowed in past competitions are now banned for safety reasons; for example, the Thomas salto, a twisting salto landed with a forward roll on the floor, was banned after several injuries.
The Shake Weight on sale in stores. The Shake Weight is a modified dumbbell that oscillates, purportedly increasing the effects of exercise. As a result of the perceived sexually suggestive nature of the product, infomercial clips of the exercise device have gone viral.
Gyms were used more as a preparation for military service or spectator sports. During the Roman Empire , the gymnastic art was forgotten. In the Dark Ages there were sword fighting tournaments and of chivalry ; and after gunpowder was invented sword fighting began to be replaced by the sport of fencing , as well as schools of dagger fighting ...
From ancient history to the modern day, the clitoris has been discredited, dismissed and deleted -- and women's pleasure has often been left out of the conversation entirely. Now, an underground art movement led by artist Sophia Wallace is emerging across the globe to challenge the lies, question the myths and rewrite the rules around sex and the female body.
This shift marked a significant change in how sports were structured and practiced, eventually leading to more inclusive opportunities for female participation (Eitzen, 2009). [2] Until roughly 1870, women's activities tended to be informal and recreational in nature, lacked rules codes, and emphasized physical activity rather than competition. [3]