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Many depositional landforms result from sediment deposited or reshaped by meltwater and are referred to as fluvioglacial landforms. Fluvioglacial deposits differ from glacial till in that they were deposited by means of water, rather than the glacial itself, and the sediments are thus also more size sorted than glacial till is.
The high confining pressures on the glacier bed from the weight of the overlying glacial ice fills the elongate cavity by squeezing water-soaked till into it. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 7 ] As a glacier melts back and recedes, it exposes the till bed of the glacier and the long, low ridges of till that have been molded upon it.
The water mainly comes from melting, and may also come from rainfall or from run-off from ice-free slopes beside the glacier. [12] The streams have highly variable rates of flow depending on temperature, which in turn depends on the season, time of day and cloud cover. At times of high flow, the streams are under pressure. [11]
A glacier stream is a channelized area that is formed by a glacier in which liquid water accumulates and flows. [1] Glacial streams are also commonly referred to as "glacier stream" or/and "glacial meltwater stream". The movement of the water is influenced and directed by gravity and the melting of ice. [1]
When the stream or rivers are associated with glaciers, ice sheets, or ice caps, the term glaciofluvial or fluvioglacial is used, as in periglacial flows and glacial lake outburst floods. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Fluvial sediment processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on the river bed .
Landforms related to rivers and other watercourses include: Channel (geography) – Narrow body of water; Confluence – Meeting of two or more bodies of flowing water; Cut bank – Outside bank of a water channel, which is continually undergoing erosion; Crevasse splay – Sediment deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees
Sketch showing the main glacio-lacustrine (or glacio-marine) deposits & depositional processes. Sediments deposited into lakes that have come from glaciers are called glaciolacustrine deposits. In some European geological traditions, the term limnoglacial is used. These lakes include ice margin lakes or other types formed from glacial erosion ...
A diagram of various depositional environments. In geology, depositional environment or sedimentary environment describes the combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the deposition of a particular type of sediment and, therefore, the rock types that will be formed after lithification, if the sediment is preserved in the rock record.