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The majority of the viruses have capsids with either helical or icosahedral [2] [3] structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have developed more complicated structures due to constraints of elasticity and electrostatics. [4] The icosahedral shape, which has 20 equilateral triangular faces, approximates a sphere, while the helical shape ...
The structure of adenovirus. 1 = penton capsomers, 2 = hexon capsomers, and 3= viral genome (linear dsDNA) Adenoviruses are medium-sized (90–100 nm). [ 2 ] The virions are composed of one linear piece of double-stranded DNA inside an icosahedral capsid . 240 hexon proteins make up the bulk of the capsid, while twelve penton bases cap the ...
Simplified diagram of Herpesvirales virion structure in cross-section. (1) nucleoprotein, (2) DNA, (3) capsid, (4) tegument, (5) envelope, (6) glycoprotein. Click to enlarge. Electron micrograph of various viruses from the Orthoherpesviridae family including Human alphaherpesvirus 3 , Human alphaherpesvirus 1, and Human alphaherpesvirus 2
The genes of viruses are made from DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and, in many viruses, RNA (ribonucleic acid). The biological information contained in an organism is encoded in its DNA or RNA. Most organisms use DNA, but many viruses have RNA as their genetic material. The DNA or RNA of viruses consists of either a single strand or a double helix ...
The genome and proteins of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the virus in 1983. [1] [2] "In the search for the causative agent, it was initially believed that the virus was a form of the Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), which was known at the time to affect the human immune system and cause certain leukemias.
English: A simple diagram of a spherical virus, labelled in english. It shows the DNA/RNA, envelope and protein coat. It shows the DNA/RNA, envelope and protein coat. Français : Un schéma d'un virus en anglais
The genetic material within virus particles, and the method by which the material is replicated, varies considerably between different types of viruses. DNA viruses The genome replication of most DNA viruses takes place in the cell's nucleus. If the cell has the appropriate receptor on its surface, these viruses enter the cell either by direct ...
This group comprises all those viruses which do not fit into either of the above two groups. When the viral particle has entered a host cell, the host cellular enzymes digest the capsid and its constituent capsomeres, thereby exposing the naked genetic material (DNA/RNA) of the virus, which subsequently enters the replication cycle.