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Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures, [7] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.
Oxcarbazepine, sold under the brand name Trileptal among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. [3] [5] For epilepsy it is used for both focal seizures and generalized seizures. [6] It has been used both alone and as add-on therapy in people with bipolar disorder who have had no success with other treatments. [7] [5] It is taken by ...
The drug does not cause an individual to become unconscious, merely to be sedated. [12] It is also useful for the treatment of prolonged (lasting over five minutes) seizures . [ 14 ] Midazolam can be given by mouth , intravenously , by injection into a muscle , by spraying into the nose , or through the cheek .
Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines. [9] It has also been used in alcohol dependence and essential tremor. [9] For epilepsy this includes treatment for generalized or focal seizures. [10] It is taken orally (by mouth). [9]
In the United States, cenobamate is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults. [3]In the European Union, it is indicated for the adjunctive treatment of focal-onset seizures with or without secondary generalization in adults with epilepsy who have not been adequately controlled despite a history of treatment with at least two anti-epileptic medications.
There is no evidence that lacosamide provides additional value over current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for the treatment of partial-onset seizures, but it may offer a safety advantage. [33] Newer AEDs, including lacosamide, vigabatrin , felbamate , gabapentin , tiagabine , and rufinamide have been found to be more tolerable and safer than older ...
Pregabalin, sold under the brand name Lyrica among others, is an anticonvulsant, analgesic, and anxiolytic amino acid medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, restless legs syndrome, opioid withdrawal, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
Perampanel is used in addition to other drugs to treat partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures for people older than twelve years. [8]A 2016 review found it effective for both indications but due to the newness of the drug was unable to describe its optimal role in the treatment of epilepsy relative to other drugs. [10]