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The M1 Garand or M1 rifle [nb 1] is a semi-automatic rifle that was the service rifle of the U.S. Army during World War II and the Korean War.. The rifle is chambered for the .30-06 Springfield cartridge and is named after its Canadian-American designer, John Garand.
When first recommended for adoption, M1 Garand rifles were chambered for the .276 Pedersen, which held ten rounds in its unique en-bloc clips. [1] The .276 Pedersen was a shorter, lighter and lower pressure round than the .30-06, which made the design of an autoloading rifle easier than the long, powerful .30-06.
The Pedersen device was declared surplus in 1931, five years before the Garand had even started serial production. Mark I rifles were altered to M1903 standard in 1937 (except for, curiously, an ejection slot that remained in the receiver side wall) and were used alongside standard M1903 and M1903A1 Springfields.
The Pedersen rifle was rejected a month before Gen. MacArthur pronounced on the subject, at a point in time when the caliber .276 T3E2 Garand rifle was the clear winner of the competition and ready for initial production. History shows MacArthur vetoed the .276 Pedersen cartridge for use in the Garand rifle. [1]
M1 Garand and en-bloc clips. At the outbreak of World War Two, the United States was the only nation in the world to have formally adopted a battle rifle as their service rifle. The M1 Garand fired the .30-06 Springfield cartridge, which loaded from an eight-round en bloc clip.
Jean Cantius Garand (/ ˈ ɡ ær ən d / GARR-ənd, French: [ʒɑ̃ ɡaʁɑ̃]; January 1, 1888 – February 16, 1974), also known as John C. Garand, was a Canadian-American designer of firearms who created the M1 Garand, a semi-automatic rifle that was widely used by the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps during both World War II and the Korean War.
M1 carbine (Received 230 carbines from Lend-Lease. Limited use) [49] M1 Garand (Garands were issued to certain Canadian Army units near the end of World War II) Ross rifle (Used for training up to 1943) [47] Enfield M1917 (Used for training) [47]
The Type 4 rifle, often referred to as the Type 5 rifle, [2] (Japanese: 四式自動小銃 Yon-shiki Jidōshōju) was a Japanese semi-automatic rifle.It was based on the American M1 Garand with an integral 10-round magazine and chambered for the Japanese 7.7×58mm Arisaka cartridge.