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Gray death is a slang term which refers to potent mixtures of synthetic opioids, for example benzimidazole opioids or fentanyl analogues, which were often sold on the street misleadingly as "heroin". However, other substances such as cocaine have also been laced with opioids that resulted in illness and death.
Polysubstance slang, [2] [3] [4] or brand name Intoxication name Comment Any dissociative: Any dissociative: Void flip Void flipping Any dissociative: DMT: Dime bar, angel flip Dimension flipping, angel flipping Any depressant: Any stimulant: Speedball, powerball, over and under Powerballing, speedballing [5] Any pharmaceutical: Any ...
[72] [73] The rotation of morphine with chemically dissimilar opioids in the long-term treatment of pain will slow down the growth of tolerance in the longer run, particularly agents known to have significantly incomplete cross-tolerance with morphine such as levorphanol, ketobemidone, piritramide, and methadone and its derivatives; all of ...
The term is also attributed to piloerection or "goose bumps" that occurs with abrupt withdrawal from opioids, which resembles the skin of a plucked refrigerated turkey. [3] [10] The similar term "kick the habit" alludes to the muscle spasms that occur in addition to goosebumps in some cases. [10]
Speedball, powerball, or over and under [1] is the polydrug mixture of a stimulant with a depressant, usually an opioid. The most well-known mixture used for recreational drug use is that of cocaine and heroin; however, amphetamines can also be mixed with morphine and/or fentanyl. A speedball may be taken intravenously or by nasal insufflation. [2]
Clinics that dispensed painkillers proliferated with only the loosest of safeguards, until a recent coordinated federal-state crackdown crushed many of the so-called “pill mills.” As the opioid pain meds became scarce, a cheaper opioid began to take over the market — heroin. Frieden said three quarters of heroin users started with pills.
The term dates at least to the 1970s, where it is used in reference to opiate use. [3] The term was notably used in reference to tobacco by psychologist Dr. Saul Shiffman, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. [4]
According to the USCDC, methadone was involved in 31% of opioid related deaths in the US between 1999–2010 and 40% as the sole drug involved, far higher than other opioids. [76] Studies of long term opioids have found that many stop them, and that minor side effects were common. [77] Addiction occurred in about 0.3%. [77]