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In astrophysics, an event horizon is a boundary beyond which events cannot affect an outside observer. Wolfgang Rindler coined the term in the 1950s. [1]In 1784, John Michell proposed that gravity can be strong enough in the vicinity of massive compact objects that even light cannot escape. [2]
Rindler chart, for = in equation , plotted on a Minkowski diagram. The dashed lines are the Rindler horizons The dashed lines are the Rindler horizons The worldline of a body in hyperbolic motion having constant proper acceleration α {\displaystyle \alpha } in the X {\displaystyle X} -direction as a function of proper time τ {\displaystyle ...
This area is the absolute future, because any event there happens later compared to the event represented by the origin regardless of the observer, which is obvious graphically from the Minkowski diagram in Fig 4-6. Following the same argument the range below the origin and between the photon world lines is the absolute past relative to the origin.
For example, a glass breaking on the floor is an event; it occurs at a unique place and a unique time. [1] Strictly speaking, the notion of an event is an idealization, in the sense that it specifies a definite time and place, whereas any actual event is bound to have a finite extent, both in time and in space. [2] [3]
The extension of the exterior region of the Schwarzschild vacuum solution inside the event horizon of a spherically symmetric black hole is not static inside the horizon, and the family of (spacelike) nested spheres cannot be extended inside the horizon, so the Schwarzschild chart for this solution necessarily breaks down at the horizon.
The Schwarzschild radius or the gravitational radius is a physical parameter in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations that corresponds to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. It is a characteristic radius associated with any quantity of mass.
An event is then represented by a point in a Minkowski diagram, which is a plane usually plotted with the time coordinate, say , vertically, and the space coordinate, say , horizontally. As expressed by F.R. Harvey
Event horizon, a boundary in spacetime beyond which events cannot affect the observer, thus referring to a black hole's boundary and the boundary of an expanding universe; Apparent horizon, a surface defined in general relativity; Cauchy horizon, a surface found in the study of Cauchy problems; Cosmological horizon, a limit of observability