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Room air at altitude can be enriched with oxygen without introducing an unacceptable fire hazard. At an altitude of 8000 m the equivalent altitude in terms of oxygen partial pressure can be reduced to below 4000 m without increasing the fire hazard beyond that of normal sea level atmospheric air.
The minimum required flight crew must be on supplemental oxygen if the plane spends any time above an equivalent effective cabin altitude of 4,300 m (14,000 ft), and even the passengers must be provided with supplemental oxygen above an equivalent effective cabin altitude of 4,500 m (15,000 ft). [8]
Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude while the O 2 fraction remains constant to about 85 km (53 mi), so PO 2 decreases with altitude as well. It is about half of its sea level value at 5,500 m (18,000 ft), the altitude of the Mount Everest base camp , and less than a third at 8,849 m (29,032 ft), the summit of Mount Everest. [ 8 ]
On 4 June, Edward Norton, without supplemental oxygen, reached a point on the mountain's Great Couloir 8,572.8 m (28,126 ft) high, his companion Howard Somervell having turned around a short distance before. [24] This was an altitude record which would not be broken, with certainty, until the 1950s, or without supplemental oxygen until 1978.
At this altitude, there is about 25% less oxygen than there is at sea level. [5] Hypoxia may be addressed by the administration of supplemental oxygen, either through an oxygen mask or through a nasal cannula. Without pressurization, sufficient oxygen can be delivered up to an altitude of about 40,000 ft (12,192 m).
The highest altitude obtained in a piston-driven propeller monoplane (without a payload) was 18.552 km (60,870 ft) on August 4, 1995, by the Grob Strato 2C driven by two Teledyne Continental TSIO-550 engines.
Highlanders are thus constantly exposed to a low oxygen environment, yet they live without any debilitating problems. [23] One of the best-documented effects of high altitude on non-adapted women is a progressive reduction in birth weight. By contrast, the women of long-resident, high-altitude populations are known to give birth to heavier ...
At very high altitude, 3,500 to 5,500 metres (11,500 to 18,000 ft), maximum SaO 2 falls below 90% as the arterial PO 2 falls below 60mmHg. Extreme hypoxemia may occur during exercise, during sleep, and in the presence of high altitude pulmonary edema or other acute lung conditions. Severe altitude illness occurs most commonly in this range.