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Heavy minerals (dark) in a quartz beach sand (Chennai, India). Heavy mineral sands are a class of ore deposit which is an important source of zirconium , titanium , thorium , tungsten , rare-earth elements , the industrial minerals diamond , sapphire , garnet , and occasionally precious metals or gemstones .
The morphology of channels and valleys created by sapping are highly dependent on regional scale geology, and can be hard to distinguish from features created through alternative processes. Chemical precipitates can be used as indicators of groundwater water discharge implying that a valley or channel may have been formed as a result of sapping.
Hanging valley – A tributary valley that meets the main valley above the valley floor; Headland – Landform extending into a body of water, often with significant height and drop; Highland – Area of high elevation such as a mountainous region or elevated mountainous plateau; Hill – Landform that extends above the surrounding terrain
A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains and typically containing a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period. Some valleys are formed through erosion by glacial ice. These glaciers may remain present in ...
The topography consists of a hot and wet coastal plain gradually rising in elevation to the high hills and mountains of the Western Ghats. Kerala lies between northern latitude of 8°.17'.30" N and 12°. 47'.40" N and east longitudes 74°.27'.47" E and 77°.37'.12" E. [ 2 ] Kerala's climate is mainly wet and maritime tropical, [ 3 ] heavily ...
The amount of matter carried by a large river is enormous. It has been estimated that the Mississippi River annually carries 406 million tons of sediment to the sea, [5] the Yellow River 796 million tons, and the Po River in Italy 67 million tons. [6] The names of many rivers derive from the color that the transported matter gives the water.
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The limestones and dolomites of this area are extensively quarried in Pennsylvania. These carbonate rocks are used for variety of purposes including, crushed stone, cement manufacturing, fertilizers, and coal-mine dust (reduces acid mine drainage) [12] Karst features are problematic in the Great Valley.