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  2. Ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization

    Adiabatic ionization is a form of ionization in which an electron is removed from or added to an atom or molecule in its lowest energy state to form an ion in its lowest energy state. [16] The Townsend discharge is a good example of the creation of positive ions and free electrons due to ion impact.

  3. Chemi-ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemi-ionization

    The older IUPAC definition (1973) didn't require the interaction to be with an atom or a molecule in an excited state, but mentioned that it is generally excited. [11] Also, the older definition stated that the ionization is the result of a collision, [11] while the new definition refers to the ionization of one of the interacting species. [3]

  4. Ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion

    The nth ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to detach its nth electron after the first n − 1 electrons have already been detached. Each successive ionization energy is markedly greater than the last. Particularly great increases occur after any given block of atomic orbitals is exhausted of electrons. For this reason, ions ...

  5. Chemical ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_ionization

    Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966. [ 3 ] This technique is a branch of gaseous ion-molecule chemistry. [ 2 ]

  6. Degree of ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_of_ionization

    The terms fractional ionization and ionization fraction are also used to describe either the proportion of neutral particles that are ionized or the proportion of free electrons. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] When referred to an atom, "fully ionized" means that there are no bound electrons left, resulting in a bare nucleus .

  7. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...

  8. Ionization energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy

    Ionization energy trends plotted against the atomic number, in units eV.The ionization energy gradually increases from the alkali metals to the noble gases.The maximum ionization energy also decreases from the first to the last row in a given column, due to the increasing distance of the valence electron shell from the nucleus.

  9. Molar ionization energies of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies...

    The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further removal of an electron from a singly, doubly, etc., charged ion. For ionization energies measured in the unit eV, see Ionization energies of the elements (data page). All data from rutherfordium onwards is ...