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A Cartesian product of two graphs. In graph theory, the Cartesian product G H of graphs G and H is a graph such that: the vertex set of G H is the Cartesian product V(G) × V(H); and; two vertices (u,v) and (u' ,v' ) are adjacent in G H if and only if either u = u' and v is adjacent to v' in H, or; v = v' and u is adjacent to u' in G.
In graph theory, a graph product is a binary operation on graphs. Specifically, it is an operation that takes two graphs G 1 and G 2 and produces a graph H with the following properties: The vertex set of H is the Cartesian product V ( G 1 ) × V ( G 2 ) , where V ( G 1 ) and V ( G 2 ) are the vertex sets of G 1 and G 2 , respectively.
In graph theory, the Cartesian product of two graphs G and H is the graph denoted by G × H, whose vertex set is the (ordinary) Cartesian product V(G) × V(H) and such that two vertices (u,v) and (u′,v′) are adjacent in G × H, if and only if u = u′ and v is adjacent with v ′ in H, or v = v′ and u is adjacent with u ′ in G.
It is a commutative operation (for unlabelled graphs); [2] graph products based on the cartesian product of the vertex sets: cartesian graph product: it is a commutative and associative operation (for unlabelled graphs), [2] lexicographic graph product (or graph composition): it is an associative (for unlabelled graphs) and non-commutative ...
The whole rook's graph for an n × m chessboard can be formed from these two kinds of cliques, as the Cartesian product of graphs K n K m. [2] Because the rook's graph for a square chessboard is the Cartesian product of equal-size cliques, it is an example of a Hamming graph.
The tensor product of graphs. In graph theory, the tensor product G × H of graphs G and H is a graph such that the vertex set of G × H is the Cartesian product V(G) × V(H); and; vertices (g,h) and (g',h' ) are adjacent in G × H if and only if. g is adjacent to g' in G, and; h is adjacent to h' in H.
Two vertices are adjacent if they differ in precisely one coordinate; that is, if their Hamming distance is one. The Hamming graph H(d,q) is, equivalently, the Cartesian product of d complete graphs K q. [1] In some cases, Hamming graphs may be considered more generally as the Cartesian products of complete graphs that may be of varying sizes. [3]
Two graphs G and H are homomorphically equivalent if G → H and H → G. [4] The maps are not necessarily surjective nor injective. For instance, the complete bipartite graphs K 2,2 and K 3,3 are homomorphically equivalent: each map can be defined as taking the left (resp. right) half of the domain graph and mapping to just one vertex in the left (resp. right) half of the image graph.