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Deliberative democracy or discursive democracy is a form of democracy in which deliberation is central to decision-making. Deliberative democracy seeks quality over quantity by limiting decision-makers to a smaller but more representative sample of the population that is given the time and resources to focus on one issue.
A direct democracy, or pure democracy, is a type of democracy where the people govern directly, by voting on laws and policies. It requires wide participation of citizens in politics. [ 4 ] Athenian democracy , or classical democracy, refers to a direct democracy developed in ancient times in the Greek city-state of Athens.
Deliberative democracy is based on the notion that democracy is government by deliberation. Unlike aggregative democracy, deliberative democracy holds that, for a democratic decision to be legitimate, it must be preceded by authentic deliberation, not merely the aggregation of preferences that occurs in voting.
In "deliberative democracy", the aim is for both elected officials and the general public to use deliberation rather than power-struggle as the basis for their vote. Individual deliberation is also a description of day-to-day rational decision-making, and as such is an epistemic virtue .
Laclau and Mouffe claim that liberal democracy and deliberative democracy, in their attempts to build consensus, oppress differing opinions, races, classes, genders, and worldviews. [2] In the world, in a country, and in a social movement there are many (a plurality of) differences which resist consensus.
Deliberative democracy aims to harness the benefits of deliberation to produce better understanding and resolution of important issues. [ 97 ] [ 98 ] Assemblies are intended to stimulate deliberation, in which the participants can less easily be captured by special interest.
Choosing officeholders by lot was also the standard practice in ancient Athenian democracy [38] and in ancient India. The rationale behind this practice was to avoid lobbying and electioneering by economic oligarchs. The system of deliberative democracy is a mix between a majority-ruled system and a consensus-based system. It allows for ...
A deliberative referendum is a referendum that increases public deliberation through purposeful institutional design. [1]:557 The term "deliberative referendum" stems from deliberative democracy, [2]:509 which emphasises that "the legitimacy of decisions can be increased if...decisions are preceded by authentic deliberation."