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Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race or ethnicity over another. [1] [2] [3] It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different ethnic ...
"Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question" is an essay by the Scottish essayist Thomas Carlyle. It was first published anonymously in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country of London in December 1849, [ 1 ] and was revised and reprinted in 1853 as a pamphlet entitled " Occasional Discourse on the Nigger Question ". [ 2 ]
In other words, increasing racial diversity can lead to increased racial bias and discrimination. Evidence suggests, however, that positive contact between two racial groups can promote racial equality. Interacting with minority groups can reduce feelings of threat and increase trust between racial groups.
The Spanish sociologist Ramón Flecha instead used the term "postmodern racism". [6] Étienne Balibar's concept of "neo-racism" was an early formulation of what later became widely termed "cultural racism". The term "racism" is one of the most controversial and ambiguous words used within the social sciences. [7]
The term was intended by its proponents to create a rhetorical and categorical link to racism and sexism. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] Ryder stated in the pamphlet that "[s]ince Darwin, scientists have agreed that there is no 'magical' essential difference between humans and other animals, biologically-speaking.
[5] However, Professor Steven Kale has cautioned that "Gobineau's influence on German racism has been repeatedly overstated". [4] Although cited by groups such as the Nazi Party, the text implicitly criticizes antisemitism and describes Jews in positive terms, the Jews being seen as a superbly forged race of "ancient Greek-like strength" of ...
Racial bias exists in the medical field affecting the way patients are treated and the way they are diagnosed. There are instances where patients’ words are not taken seriously, an example would be the recent case with Serena Williams. After the birth of her daughter via C-section, the tennis player began to feel pain and shortness of breath.
Prejudice plus power attempts to separate forms of racial prejudice from the word racism, which is to be reserved for institutional racism. [19] Critics point out that an individual can not be institutionally racist, because institutional racism (sometimes referred to as systemic racism) only refers to institutions and systems, hence the name. [20]