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Ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease of the neuromuscular junction resulting in hallmark variability in muscle weakness and fatigability. MG is an autoimmune disease where anomalous antibodies are produced against the naturally occurring acetylcholine receptors in voluntary muscles.
Myasthenia gravis affects 50 to 200 people per million. [3] [4] It is newly diagnosed in 3 to 30 people per million each year. [13] Diagnosis has become more common due to increased awareness. [13] Myasthenia gravis most commonly occurs in women under the age of 40 and in men over the age of 60. [1] [5] [14] It is uncommon in children. [1]
Canine distemper is an often fatal infectious disease that mainly has respiratory and neurological signs. [4] Canine influenza is a newly emerging infectious respiratory disease. Up to 80 percent of dogs infected will have symptoms, but the mortality rate is only 5 to 8 percent. [5]
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease involving the neuromuscular junction leading to skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability. [4] In ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG), the symptoms are confined to the extraocular and eyelid muscles. [5]
Weakness of the eye muscles is uncommon. Some may have double vision, drooping of the eyelids and difficulty swallowing, [4] but generally only together with leg weakness; this too distinguishes LEMS from myasthenia gravis, in which eye signs are much more common. [3] In the advanced stages of the disease, weakness of the respiratory muscles ...
Flaccid paralysis resulting from cholinergic crisis can be distinguished from myasthenia gravis by the use of the drug edrophonium (Tensilon), as it only worsens the paralysis caused by cholinergic crisis but strengthens the muscle response in the case of myasthenia gravis. (Edrophonium is a cholinesterase inhibitor, hence increases the ...
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Myogenic ptosis, which includes oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, myotonic dystrophy, ocular myopathy, simple congenital ptosis and blepharophimosis syndrome. Aponeurotic ptosis, which may be involutional or postoperative. Mechanical ptosis, which is the result of edema or tumors of the upper lid.
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