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The Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society of Civil Engineers covering irrigation engineering as a specialty area in agricultural engineering, and drainage engineering as a specialty area in civil engineering.
Agricultural land drainage has agricultural, environmental, hydrological, engineering, economical, social and socio-political aspects (Figure 1). All these aspects can be subject of drainage research. The aim (objective, target) of agricultural land drainage is the optimized agricultural production related to: reclamation of agricultural land
Micro-irrigation, sometimes called localized irrigation, low volume irrigation, or trickle irrigation is a system where water is distributed under low pressure through a piped network, in a pre-determined pattern, and applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent to it. Traditional drip irrigation use individual emitters, subsurface ...
The regular surface drainage systems, which start functioning as soon as there is an excess of rainfall or irrigation applied, operate entirely by gravity. They consist of reshaped or reformed land surfaces and can be divided into: Bedded systems, used in flat lands for crops other than rice;
In each of these cases, appropriate drainage carries off temporary flushes of water to prevent damage to annual or perennial crops. Drier areas are often farmed by irrigation, and one would not consider drainage necessary. However, irrigation water always contains minerals and salts, which can be concentrated to toxic levels by evapotranspiration.
Map of a well field for subsurface drainage with radial flow across concentrical cylinders representing the equipotentials. Both systems serve the same purposes, namely water table control and soil salinity control. Both systems can facilitate the reuse of drainage water (e.g. for irrigation), but wells offer more flexibility.
the permissible long term average depth of the water table (Dw) on the basis of agricultural drainage criteria; the soil's hydraulic conductivity (Ka and Kb) by measurements; the depth of the bottom of the aquifer (Di) the design drain spacing (L) can be found from the equation in dependence of the drain depth (Dd) and drain radius (r ...
Canal Lining. Canal lining is the process of reducing seepage loss of irrigation water by adding an impermeable layer to the edges of the trench. Seepage can result in losses of 30 to 50 percent of irrigation water from canals, so adding lining can make irrigation systems more efficient.