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Tolvaptan, sold under the brand name Samsca among others, is an aquaretic drug that functions as a selective, competitive vasopressin receptor 2 (V 2) ...
Tolvaptan phosphate is a drug used for the treatment of cardiac edema. It is a prodrug of tolvaptan , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] formulated as the salt tolvaptan sodium phosphate, for intravenous administration .
The ACTION study [14] is a pivotal registration-enabling Phase III clinical trial of lixivaptan in patients with ADPKD. It is projected to enroll 1350 patients in more than 20 countries worldwide. It is projected to enroll 1350 patients in more than 20 countries worldwide.
The "vaptan" drugs act by directly blocking the action of vasopressin at its receptors (V 1A, V 1B and V 2).These receptors have a variety of functions, with the V 1A and V 2 receptors are expressed peripherally and involved in the modulation of blood pressure and kidney function respectively, while the V 1A and V 1B receptors are expressed in the central nervous system.
Demeclocycline inhibits the renal action of antidiuretic hormone by interfering with the intracellular second messenger cascade (specifically, inhibiting adenylyl cyclase activation) after the hormone binds to vasopressin V 2 receptors in the kidney. [18] [19] [20] Exactly how demeclocycline does this has yet to be elucidated, however. [20]
Conivaptan, sold under the brand name Vaprisol, is a non-peptide inhibitor of the receptor for anti-diuretic hormone, also called vasopressin.It was approved in 2004 for hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels).
However, the optimum duration of such treatment remains unknown. Frequent fluid status monitoring is required to prevent intravascular volume depletion which leads to reduced cerebral perfusion. A bolus intravenous dose of 10 or 20 mg of furosemide can be administered and then followed by intravenous bolus of 2 or 3% hypertonic saline to ...
LABAs are designed to reduce the need for shorter-acting β 2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), as they have an approximately twelve-hour duration of action, compared to about five hours for salbutamol, making them candidates for sparing high doses of corticosteroids [citation needed] or treating nocturnal asthma and providing ...
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