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Antiuricosuric drugs raise serum uric acid levels and lower urine uric acid levels. These drugs include all diuretics, pyrazinoate, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, niacin, and aspirin. [5] The NSAID diclofenac has an antiuricosuric action, which may be partly responsible for the extraordinary toxicity of this drug in vultures. [6]
Uric acid is a normal waste product made by the body, but in some people, it can accumulate at higher levels and lead to gout. Gout can be divided into four stages: Hyperuricemia.
Uric acid displays lactam–lactim tautomerism. [4] Uric acid crystallizes in the lactam form, [5] with computational chemistry also indicating that tautomer to be the most stable. [6] Uric acid is a diprotic acid with pK a1 = 5.4 and pK a2 = 10.3. [7] At physiological pH, urate predominates in solution. [medical citation needed]
Allopurinol is a medication used to decrease high blood uric acid levels. [5] It is specifically used to prevent gout, prevent specific types of kidney stones and for the high uric acid levels that can occur with chemotherapy. [6] [7] It is taken orally (by mouth) or intravenously (injected into a vein). [7]
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor is any substance that inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism.In humans, inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces the production of uric acid, and several medications that inhibit xanthine oxidase are indicated for treatment of hyperuricemia and related medical conditions including gout. [1]
Hyperuricosuria is a medical term referring to the presence of excessive amounts of uric acid in the urine. For men this is at a rate greater than 800 mg/day, and for women, 750 mg/day. [1] Notable direct causes of hyperuricosuria are dissolution of uric acid crystals in the kidneys or urinary bladder, and hyperuricemia.
Probenecid, also sold under the brand name Probalan, is a medication that increases uric acid excretion in the urine. It is primarily used in treating gout and hyperuricemia . Probenecid was developed as an alternative to caronamide [ 1 ] to competitively inhibit renal excretion of some drugs, thereby increasing their plasma concentration and ...
Sulfinpyrazone is a uricosuric medication used to treat gout. It also sometimes is used to reduce platelet aggregation by inhibiting degranulation of platelets which reduces the release of ADP and thromboxane. Like other uricosurics, sulfinpyrazone works by competitively inhibiting uric acid reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney.