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The Panathenaea (or Panathenaia) was a multi-day ancient Greek festival held annually in Athens that would always conclude on 28 Hekatombaion, the first month of the Attic calendar. [1] The main purpose of the festival was for Athenians and non-Athenians to celebrate the goddess Athena . [ 2 ]
The Panathenaea also included poetic and musical competitions. Prizes were awarded for rhapsodic recitation of Homeric poetry, for instrumental music on the aulus and cithara , and for singing to the accompaniment of the aulus and cithara ( citharody ).
Caryatid Porch of the Erechtheion, Athens, 421–407 BCE.. The Panathenaea (Ancient Greek: Παναθήναια, "all-Athenian festival") was the most important festival for Athens and one of the grandest in the entire ancient Greek world.
Originally, since the 6th century BC, a racecourse stood at the site. It hosted the Panathenaic Games (also known as the Great Panathenaea), a religious and athletic festival celebrated every four years in honour of the goddess Athena. The racecourse had no formal seating and the spectators sat on the natural slopes on the side of the ravine. [12]
Year 438 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Mamercinus, Iullus and Cincinnatus (or, less frequently, year 316 Ab urbe condita).
The larger peplos was woven every four years by male professional weavers, and was presented to Athena at the Greater Panathenaea. [ 7 ] Regardless of size, the weavers had to create a particular scene on the peplos: Athena's defeat of Enceladus and the Olympian's defeat of the Giants, the Gigantomachy .
Site plan of the Acropolis at Athens showing the major archaeological remains – the Odeon is number 19, on the far right. The Odeon of Athens or Odeon of Pericles in Athens was a 4,000 m 2 (43,000 sq ft) odeon, built at the southeastern foot of the Acropolis in Athens, next to the entrance to the Theatre of Dionysus.
During the Panathenaea, the peplos was taken up to the Acropolis of Athens to be presented to the wooden statue of Athena Polias in the Erechtheion, opposite the Parthenon. [4] The main scene of the Parthenon frieze is believed, although not without disagreement, to represent this peplos scene during the Panathenaea.