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ANFO (/ ˈ æ n f oʊ / AN-foh) [1] (or AN/FO, for ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) is a widely used bulk industrial high explosive. It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3) (AN), which acts as the oxidizing agent and absorbent for the fuel, and 6% number 2 fuel oil (FO). [2] The use of ANFO originated in the 1950s. [3]
The fatal explosion involved at most a few tonnes of explosive. A larger explosion of about 80 tonnes of ammonium nitrate emulsion, ANE, an emulsion of ammonium nitrate, fuel and water, UN 3375) was caused by fires under storage facilities at the site at 11:02 AM. There were no fatalities in the second explosion because the site had been evacuated.
Ammonium nitrate readily forms explosive mixtures with varying properties when combined with explosives such as TNT or with fuels like aluminium powder or fuel oil. Examples of explosives containing ammonium nitrate include: Amatex (ammonium nitrate, TNT and RDX) Amatol (ammonium nitrate and TNT)
The colossal explosion in Lebanon’s capital this week was apparently caused when more than 2,700 tons of ammonium nitrate, a highly volatile chemical, detonated. Ammonium nitrate is commercially ...
Fireworks and ammonium nitrate appear to have been the fuel that ignited a massive explosion that rocked the Lebanese capital of Beirut, experts and videos of the blast suggest.
In 2008, Honeywell announced that it had developed a nitrogen-based fertilizer that would not detonate when mixed with fuel oil. The company got assistance from the Department of Homeland Security to develop the fertilizer (Sulf-N 26) for commercial use. [216] It uses ammonium sulfate to make the fertilizer less explosive. [217]
* Ammonium nitrate is an industrial chemical commonly used in fertilizers and as an explosive for quarrying and mining. * A large quantity of ammonium nitrate exposed to intense heat can explode.
It was filled with close to 2,000 pounds (910 kg) of ANFO (i.e., ammonium nitrate and fuel oil). [5] Pieces of the van were found on top of an eight-story building three blocks away and 26 nearby buildings were damaged; however, the targeted AMRC was scarcely damaged. [6]