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In telecommunications, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). [1]
The previous point of view of worst case leads to an elevation angle of −1.87-degree and an attenuation of 170.77 dB. With this kind of attenuation, every system would be unusable! It was found also for this case that with the nominal elevation angle, the distance of the tangent point to ground is 5.84 km; that of the worst case is 2.69 km.
Path loss, or path attenuation, is the reduction in power density (attenuation) of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space. [1] Path loss is a major component in the analysis and design of the link budget of a telecommunication system. This term is commonly used in wireless communications and signal propagation.
ITU-R P.525 is the International Telecommunication Union radiocommunications standard for the calculation of free-space attenuation. [1] ... Statistics; Cookie statement;
Introduction to RF Propagation, John S. Seybold, 2005, John Wiley and Sons. Radio Propagation in Cellular Networks, N. Blaunstein, 2000, Artech House; The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel, J. D. Parsons, 2000, Wiley; Mark A. Weissberger (1982). "An initial critical summary of models for predicting the attenuation of radio waves by trees".
It is possible to extrapolate the cumulative attenuation distribution at a given location by using the CCIR interpolation formula: [12] A p = A 001 0.12 p −(0.546 − 0.0043 log 10 p). where A p is the attenuation in dB exceeded for a p percentage of the time and A 001 is the attenuation exceeded for 0.01% of the time.
A link budget is an accounting of all of the power gains and losses that a communication signal experiences in a telecommunication system; from a transmitter, through a communication medium such as radio waves, cable, waveguide, or optical fiber, to the receiver.
The statistical estimates or attenuation variables of this prediction model are: I) Situation variability (Ys); II) Time variability (Yt); II) Location variability (YL). The reference attenuation (W) is determined as a function of the distance, attenuation variables and an urban factor for an area or point-to-point.
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