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Chloranil is a quinone with the molecular formula C 6 Cl 4 O 2. Also known as tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, it is a yellow solid. Also known as tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, it is a yellow solid. Like the parent benzoquinone, chloranil is a planar molecule [ 2 ] that functions as a mild oxidant.
It is a red-orange solid. The compound is obtained by hydrolysis of chloranil: C 6 Cl 4 O 2 + 2 H 2 O → C 6 Cl 2 O 2 (OH) 2 + 2 HCl. It is centrosymmetric, planar molecule. It also crystallizes as a dihydrate. [2] Chloranilic acid is a noteworthy hydroxyquinone that is somewhat acidic owing to the presence of the two chloride substituents.
Relative to benzoquinone, more strongly oxidizing quinones include chloranil and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (also known as DDQ). [6] The oxidizing power of quinones is enhanced by the presence of acids. [7] In acidic conditions, quinone undergoes two-electron and two-proton reduction to hydroquinone.
Chlorothalonil was found to be an important factor in the decline of the honey bee population, by making the bees more vulnerable to the gut parasite Nosema ceranae. [6] Chlorothalonil is highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates, but not toxic to birds. [7]
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Many organochlorine compounds have been isolated from natural sources ranging from bacteria to humans. [2] [3] Chlorinated organic compounds are found in nearly every class of biomolecules and natural products including alkaloids, terpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids.
Traces of the powerful synthetic opioid was first found inside a dead dolphin that was floating in the gulf water when it was then examined by researchers from Texas A&M-Corpus Christi in Sept. 2020.
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