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Primary hyperparathyroidism (or PHPT) is a medical condition where the parathyroid gland (or a benign tumor within it) produce excess amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The symptoms of the condition relate to the resulting elevated serum calcium ( hypercalcemia ), which can cause digestive symptoms, kidney stones , psychiatric abnormalities ...
Cinacalcet, sold under the brand name Sensipar among others, is a medication used to treat primary hyperparathyroidism, tertiary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] [ 5 ] Cinacalcet acts as a calcimimetic (i.e., it mimics the action of calcium on tissues ) by allosteric activation of the calcium-sensing receptor that is ...
Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common type. [1] Certain exposures increase the risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism such as sex and age. It occurs three times more often in women than men and is often diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 60 but is not uncommon before then. [2] The disease was first described in the 1700s. [32]
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition caused by overproduction of PTH, and can be divided into three types. [citation needed] Primary hyperparathyroidism happens when the normal mechanism of regulation by negative feedback of calcium is interrupted, or in other words the amount of blood calcium would ordinarily signal less production of PTH.
Parathyroidectomy may also be required in secondary hyperparathyroidism. This situation arises mainly in people with severe chronic kidney disease in which the parathyroid glands are overactive to compensate for the low calcium and vitamin D levels often present in CKD. In many cases, the parathyroid hormone production improves when these ...
The standard of treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism was formerly a surgical technique called bilateral neck exploration, in which the neck was opened on both sides, the parathyroids were identified, and the affected tissue was removed. [12] By the 1980s, unilateral exploration became more common. [12]
After recognition, primary hyperparathyroidism should be proved or excluded. [10] In extreme cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, removal of the parathyroid gland after surgical neck exploration is the only way to avoid death. [10] The diagnostic program should be performed within hours, in parallel with measures to lower serum calcium. [10]
Hyperparathyroidism, the presence of excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone in the blood, occurs in two very distinct sets of circumstances. Primary hyperparathyroidism is due to autonomous, abnormal hypersecretion of PTH from the parathyroid gland, while secondary hyperparathyroidism is an appropriately high PTH level seen as a physiological ...