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vehicles 1976 and newer model-year gas-powered, hybrid, and flex-fuel vehicles; exemptions: new car = ≤6 model-years old are exempt; change of ownership = ≤4 model-years old are exempt required biennially for registration renewal; 2000 model-year and newer receive only visual and OBDII inspections
Plug-in hybrids and electric cars run off lithium-ion batteries and rare-earth element electric motors.Electric vehicles use much more lithium carbonate equivalent in their batteries compared to the 7g (0.25 oz) for a smartphone or the 30 g (1.1 oz) used by tablets or computers.
Environmental regulations in developed countries have reduced the individual vehicle's emission. However, this has been offset by an increase in the number of vehicles, and increased use of each vehicle (an effect known as the Jevons paradox). [3] Some pathways to reduce the carbon emissions of road vehicles have been considerably studied. [5]
According to recent data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), hybrid electric vehicles were 8.6% of the light-duty vehicle market sales through the first quarter of 2024. The ...
But rising competition and an aging lineup have hit the electric-vehicle market leader hard as consumers, faced with high borrowing costs, choose less expensive hybrids over battery-powered vehicles.
Toyota, the top seller of hybrid vehicles in the U.S., said it believes the fastest way to reduce carbon emissions quickly is to give consumers choices of battery electric vehicles and hybrids.
In April 2015, hybrid vehicles became subject to smog check requirements. [5] Although vehicles 1975 and older are not required to get a smog check, owners of these vehicles must still ensure that their emissions systems are intact. [citation needed] Anyone wishing to sell a vehicle that is over four years old must first have a smog check ...
For a plug-in hybrid, that cost jumps to $1,300 to $14,000 more than the gas-only options. As for an electric vehicle, that’ll set you back about $5,000 to $15,000 more than a gas or hybrid vehicle.