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The higher pressure of 10,000 kPa (1,500 psi) permits a thicker pigment layer to be embedded into the cement layer. The pigment layer is usually 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) thick. Another difference is the quality of the pigments used. High-quality producers use mineral-based pigments only. Non-mineral-based pigments fade with age.
Color hardener is a powder pigment used to dye the concrete. The color hardener can be applied using one of two procedures; integral color or cast-on color. Integral color is the procedure where the entire volume of concrete is dyed the base color. The entire volume of concrete is colored by adding the color hardener to the concrete truck, and ...
The pigments may be added at the concrete mixer. Alternatively, to guarantee repeatable color, some manufacturers supply ready-blended colored cements, using white cement as a base. To be "white", the powdered material must have a reflectance value ( "L value" ) in excess of 85%.
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, [1] and is the most widely used building material. [2] Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium combined. [3]
Stamped concrete in various patterns, highlighted with acid stain. Decorative concrete is the use of concrete as not simply a utilitarian medium for construction but as an aesthetic enhancement to a structure, while still serving its function as an integral part of the building itself such as floors, walls, driveways, and patios.
Copper pigments. Han purple: BaCuSi 2 O 6. Cobalt pigments. Cobalt violet (PV14): Co 3 (PO 4) 2. Manganese pigments. Manganese violet: NH 4 MnP 2 O 7 (PV16) manganic ammonium pyrophosphate. [2] Gold pigments. Purple of Cassius: Gold nanoparticles suspended in tin dioxide - Au x • SnO 2. Arsenic pigments. London purple As 2 O 3. [3]
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