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A single-vote system was used. Using this single vote, the voter elected both a state party list and a direct candidate of the same party from his electoral district. Therefore, the voter did not have the possibility to give separate, independent votes for the person or the direct candidate and the party or the list.
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Head of State Two-round system: Parliament: Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation: Monaco: Prince: Head of state Hereditary monarchy National Council: Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting (16 seats) Party-list proportional representation (8 seats) Mongolia: President: Head of State Two-round system: State Great ...
An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Some electoral systems elect a single winner (single candidate or option), while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors.
The two-vote system has existed in Germany since 1953. The change to personalized proportional representation with first and second votes took place together with the introduction of the nationwide five percent hurdle [ de ] for the second federal election in 1953 (Federal Election Law of 25 June 1953).
A third term of "direct vote transfer" has been used for vote transfer systems without compensation (mixed single vote equivalent of parallel voting). [11] This view has been criticized for using unintuitive terminology and not including models of winner compensation other than the surplus votes compared to the second place candidate [ citation ...
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Elections in Germany include elections to the Bundestag (Germany's federal parliament), the Landtags of the various states, and local elections.. Several articles in several parts of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany govern elections and establish constitutional requirements such as the secret ballot, and the requirement that all elections be conducted in a free and fair manner.