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Alternatives can take the form of fines, restorative justice, transformative justice or no punishment at all. Capital punishment , corporal punishment and electronic monitoring are also alternatives to imprisonment, but are not promoted by modern prison reform movements for decarceration due to them being carceral in nature.
Restorative justice is an approach to justice that aims to repair the harm done to victims. [1] [2] In doing so, practitioners work to ensure that offenders take responsibility for their actions, to understand the harm they have caused, to give them an opportunity to redeem themselves, and to discourage them from causing further harm.
Trevor Fronius, et al. describe restorative justice as “a broad term that encompasses a growing social movement to institutionalize peaceful and non-punitive approaches for addressing harm, responding to violations of legal and human rights, and problem solving.” [15] This definition speaks to restorative justice as more of a collection of ...
Restorative justice also focuses on justice as needs and obligations, expands justice as conversations between the offender, victim and school, and recognizes accountability as understanding the impact of actions and repairing the harm. Traditional styles of discipline do not always work well for students across every cultural community.
In psychology, punishment is the reduction of a behavior via application of an unpleasant stimulus ("positive punishment") or removal of a pleasant stimulus ("negative punishment"). Extra chores or spanking are examples of positive punishment, while removing an offending student's recess or play privileges are examples of negative punishment.
Many anarchist organizations believe that the best form of justice arises naturally out of social contracts, restorative justice, or transformative justice.. Anarchist opposition to incarceration can be found in articles written as early as 1851, [14] and is elucidated by major anarchist thinkers such as Proudhon, [15] Bakunin, [16] Berkman, [15] Goldman, [15] Malatesta, [15] Bonano, [17] and ...
The goal of restorative programs is to keep students in school and to stop the flow of students from schools to the criminal justice system. [84] Some challenges to the use of restorative justice in schools are lack of time and community support. It requires balancing the time needed for mediation with the other demands of education in one ...
The term penology comes from "penal", Latin poena, "punishment" and the Greek suffix -logia, "study of". Penology is concerned with the effectiveness of those social processes devised and adopted for the prevention of crime, via the repression or inhibition of criminal intent via the fear of punishment. The study of penology therefore deals ...