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In most cases, vagal tone is not measured directly. Instead the processes affected by the vagus nerve – specifically heart rate and heart rate variability – are measured and used as a surrogate for vagal tone. Increased vagal tone (and thus vagal action) is generally associated with a lower heart rate and increased heart rate variability.
Excessive activation of the vagal nerve during emotional stress, which is a parasympathetic overcompensation for a strong sympathetic nervous system response associated with stress, can also cause vasovagal syncope due to a sudden drop in cardiac output, causing cerebral hypoperfusion. Vasovagal syncope affects young children and women more ...
Because vagal tone can reduce heart rate, VNS carries the risk of bradycardia (excessively slow heart rate, and even of stopping the heart. [ 43 ] A range of side effects are possible but rare.
Vagal nerve stimulation implants can sometimes cause side effects, such as shortness of breath, site irritation or vocal hoarseness when the device is on, experts said.
His research has shown that experiences of awe are also linked to elevated vagal tone, “a marker of the activation of the vagus nerve, which is this large bundle of nerves that really helps you ...
As a general consideration, increased vagal tone (and thus vagal action) is associated with a diminished and more variable heart rate. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] The main mechanism by which the parasympathetic nervous system acts on vascular and cardiac control is the so-called respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA).
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During respiration, the intermittent vagus nerve activation occurs, which results in beat to beat variations in the resting heart rate. During inspiration vagal tone is slowed down and the heart rate goes up (being maximal at the peak of inspiration), while during expiration vagal tone is increased and heart rate decreases, being slowest at end-expiration.