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  2. Joint compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_compound

    Kitchen renovation spackling to cover holes and tape between sheetrock boards Drywall with joint compound applied.. Joint compound (also known as drywall compound, drywall mud, joint cement or mastic) is a white powder of primarily gypsum dust mixed with water to form a paste the consistency of cake frosting, which is spread onto drywall and sanded when dry to create a seamless base for paint ...

  3. Flow table test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_table_test

    The flow table test or slump-flow test is a method to determine consistency of fresh concrete. Flow table test is also used to identify transportable moisture limit of solid bulk cargoes. [ 1 ] It is used primarily for assessing concrete that is too fluid (workable) to be measured using the slump test , because the concrete will not retain its ...

  4. Concrete slump test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_slump_test

    The test is carried out using a metal mould in the shape of a conical frustum known as a slump cone or Abrams cone, that is open at both ends and has attached handles.The tool typically has an internal diameter of 100 millimetres (3.9 in) at the top and of 200 millimetres (7.9 in) at the bottom with a height of 305 millimetres (12.0 in).The cone is placed on a hard non-absorbent surface.

  5. Portland cement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cement

    Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin , and is usually made from limestone .

  6. Calcium silicate hydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_silicate_hydrate

    When water is added to cement, each of the compounds undergoes hydration and contributes to the final state of the concrete. [2] Only calcium silicates contribute to the strength. Tricalcium silicate is responsible for most of the early strength (first 7 days). [3] Dicalcium silicate, which reacts more slowly, only contributes to late strength.

  7. Concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete

    Separate paste mixing has shown that the mixing of cement and water into a paste before combining these materials with aggregates can increase the compressive strength of the resulting concrete. [69] The paste is generally mixed in a high-speed, shear-type mixer at a w/c (water to cement ratio) of 0.30 to 0.45 by mass. The cement paste premix ...

  8. AFt phases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFt_phases

    Calcium aluminates can form complex salts in combination with different types of anions.Two series of calcium aluminates are known in cement chemistry: AFm and AFt phases, being respectively mono- or tri-substituted with a given divalent anion X (e.g. SO 2− 4, CO 2− 3, or hosting a divalent impurity such as SeO 2− 4 [3]...), or with two units of a monovalent anion, e.g. OH −, Cl − ...

  9. AFm phases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFm_phases

    As the sulfate form is the dominant one in AFm phases in the hardened cement paste (HCP) in concrete, AFm is often simply referred to as Aluminate Ferrite monosulfate or calcium aluminate monosulfate. However, carbonate-AFm phases also exist (monocarbonate and hemicarbonate) and are thermodynamically more stable than the sulfate-AFm phase.

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